UDP Socket API

BSD-style socket functions for UDP communication. More...

Functions
int	CreateRxUdpSocket (uint16_t listening_port)
	Create receive-only UDP socket bound to specified port.
int	CreateTxUdpSocket (const IPADDR &send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port)
	Create transmit-only UDP socket for sending to specified destination.
int	CreateRxTxUdpSocket (const IPADDR &send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port)
	Create bidirectional UDP socket for both sending and receiving.
int	sendto (int sock, puint8_t what_to_send, int len_to_send, const IPADDR &to_addr, uint16_t remote_port)
	Send UDP packet through socket to specified destination.
int	sendto6via (int sock, puint8_t what_to_send, int len_to_send, const IPADDR &to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, int intfnum)
int	sendtovia (int sock, puint8_t what_to_send, int len_to_send, const IPADDR &to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, int intfnum)
	Send via specific interface.
int	recvfrom (int sock, puint8_t buffer, int len, IPADDR *pAddr, uint16_t *pLocal_port, uint16_t *pRemote_port)
	Receive UDP packet from socket with sender information.
int	SendFragmentedUdpPacket (const IPADDR &to, uint16_t source_port, uint16_t dest_port, puint8_t data, int length)
	Send large UDP packet (>MTU) with IP fragmentation.
int	CreateTxUdpSocket4Via (const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum)
int	CreateTxUdpSocket4Via (const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR4 interfaceIp)
int	CreateRxTxUdpSocket4Via (const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum)
int	CreateRxTxUdpSocket4Via (const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR4 interfaceIp)
int	CreateRxTxUdpSocket6Via (const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum)
int	CreateRxTxUdpSocket6Via (const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR interfaceIp)
int	CreateTxUdpSocket6Via (const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum)
int	CreateTxUdpSocket6Via (const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR interfaceIp)

Detailed Description

BSD-style socket functions for UDP communication.

Provides familiar Berkeley Sockets (BSD) style interface for UDP networking. These functions offer an alternative to the UDPPacket class for developers who prefer traditional socket programming or are porting existing code.

Overview

The UDP Socket API provides three main operation types:

• Receive-only sockets: Listen for incoming packets on a specific port
• Transmit-only sockets: Send packets to a specific destination
• Bidirectional sockets: Combined receive and transmit capabilities

Key Concepts

Socket Types

1. Receive-Only Socket (Server/Listener)

• Created with CreateRxUdpSocket()
• Binds to local port to receive packets
• Can receive from any sender
• Typical use: Servers, listeners, broadcast receivers

2. Transmit-Only Socket (Client/Sender)

• Created with CreateTxUdpSocket()
• Optionally binds to specific local port
• Sends to predefined destination
• Typical use: Clients, sensors, periodic transmitters

3. Bidirectional Socket (Request/Response)

• Created with CreateRxTxUdpSocket()
• Combines both receive and transmit
• Binds local port and sets remote endpoint
• Typical use: Client-server patterns, RPC-style communication

Port Number Selection

Local Port (Binding)

• 0: System assigns ephemeral port (49152-65535) - recommended for clients
• 1-1023: Well-known ports (e.g., 53=DNS, 123=NTP) - requires privileges
• 1024-49151: Registered ports - typical for custom servers
• 49152-65535: Dynamic/private ports - ephemeral port range

Remote Port (Destination)

• Specify the destination service port
• Must match the listening port on remote system

// Server pattern - fixed local port
int serverSock = CreateRxUdpSocket(8080);
 
// Client pattern - auto-assign local port
int clientSock = CreateTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 8080, 0);

Common Usage Patterns

Examples

Pattern 1: Simple UDP Server

#include <udp.h>
#include <init.h>
 
void UdpServerTask(void* pd) {
    int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(5000);
    if (sock < 0) {
        printf("Failed to create socket: %d\r\n", sock);
        return;
    }
    
    uint8_t buffer[1024];
    IPADDR clientIP;
    uint16_t localPort, remotePort;
    
    while (1) {
        int n = recvfrom(sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                        &clientIP, &localPort, &remotePort);
        
        if (n > 0) {
            printf("Received %d bytes from %s:%d\r\n",
                    n, AsciiIP(clientIP).c_str(), remotePort);
            
            // Echo back to sender
            sendto(sock, buffer, n, clientIP, remotePort);
        }
    }
}

Pattern 2: UDP Client (One-Way Sender)

void SendSensorData(IPADDR serverIP, int sensorValue) {
    // Create socket with auto-assigned local port (0)
    int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 5000, 0);
    if (sock < 0) {
        printf("Socket creation failed\r\n");
        return;
    }
    
    char msg[64];
    int len = sprintf(msg, "SENSOR:%d,VALUE:%d", 
                      GetDeviceID(), sensorValue);
    
    sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)msg, len, serverIP, 5000);
    
    close(sock);
}

Pattern 3: Request/Response (Bidirectional)

int QueryServer(IPADDR serverIP, const char* request, 
                char* response, int maxLen) {
    // Create bidirectional socket
    int sock = CreateRxTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 6000, 0);
    if (sock < 0) return -1;
    
    // Send request
    sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)request, strlen(request), serverIP, 6000);
    
    // Wait for response with timeout
    fd_set readfds;
    struct timeval tv = {5, 0};  // 5 second timeout
    FD_ZERO(&readfds);
    FD_SET(sock, &readfds);
    
    if (select(sock + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv) > 0) {
        IPADDR srcIP;
        uint16_t localPort, remotePort;
        int n = recvfrom(sock, (uint8_t*)response, maxLen,
                        &srcIP, &localPort, &remotePort);
        close(sock);
        return n;
    }
    
    close(sock);
    return 0;  // Timeout
}

Pattern 4: Multi-Interface Routing

// Send via specific network interface (multi-homed device)
void SendViaInterface(IPADDR destIP, int interfaceNum) {
    int sock = CreateTxUdpSocketVia(destIP, 8080, 0, interfaceNum);
    if (sock >= 0) {
        uint8_t data[] = "Hello from specific interface";
        sendtovia(sock, data, sizeof(data), destIP, 8080, interfaceNum);
        close(sock);
    }
}

Pattern 5: Broadcast Discovery

void DiscoverDevices() {
    IPADDR broadcastAddr = AsciiToIp("255.255.255.255");
    int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(broadcastAddr, 9999, 0);
    
    if (sock >= 0) {
        uint8_t discover[] = "DISCOVER:NetBurner";
        sendto(sock, discover, sizeof(discover), broadcastAddr, 9999);
        
        // Listen for responses
        uint8_t buf[256];
        IPADDR responderIP;
        uint16_t lp, rp;
        
        while (recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &responderIP, &lp, &rp) > 0) {
            printf("Found device at %s\r\n", AsciiIP(responderIP).c_str());
        }
        
        close(sock);
    }
}

Pattern 6: Using select() for Multiple Sockets

void MultiSocketHandler() {
    int sock1 = CreateRxUdpSocket(5000);
    int sock2 = CreateRxUdpSocket(5001);
    int maxfd = (sock1 > sock2) ? sock1 : sock2;
    
    fd_set readfds;
    uint8_t buffer[512];
    IPADDR srcIP;
    uint16_t lp, rp;
    
    while (1) {
        FD_ZERO(&readfds);
        FD_SET(sock1, &readfds);
        FD_SET(sock2, &readfds);
        
        if (select(maxfd + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, NULL) > 0) {
            if (FD_ISSET(sock1, &readfds)) {
                int n = recvfrom(sock1, buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                                &srcIP, &lp, &rp);
                printf("Port 5000: %d bytes\r\n", n);
            }
            
            if (FD_ISSET(sock2, &readfds)) {
                int n = recvfrom(sock2, buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                                &srcIP, &lp, &rp);
                printf("Port 5001: %d bytes\r\n", n);
            }
        }
    }
}

---

Error Handling

All socket creation functions return:

• >= 0: Valid socket file descriptor
• **< 0**: Error code (see UDP_ERR_* constants)

Common error codes:

• UDP_ERR_NOSUCH_SOCKET (-1): Socket does not exist or was closed
• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_WRITE (-2): Socket not configured for sending
• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_READ (-3): Socket not configured for receiving

int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(port);
if (sock < 0) {
    switch (sock) {
        case UDP_ERR_NOSUCH_SOCKET:
            printf("Socket does not exist\r\n");
            break;
        case UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_WRITE:
            printf("Cannot write to socket\r\n");
            break;
        case UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_READ:
            printf("Cannot read from socket\r\n");
            break;
        default:
            printf("Unknown error: %d\r\n", sock);
    }
    return;
}

Thread Safety

• Each socket should be used by a single task
• Multiple tasks can use different sockets
• Sockets are NOT thread-safe for concurrent access
• Use separate sockets per task for parallel operations

// Good: Each task uses its own socket
void Task1(void* pd) {
    int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(5000);
    // ... use sock ...
}
 
void Task2(void* pd) {
    int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(5001);
    // ... use sock ...
}

Performance Considerations

Buffer Sizing

• Typical MTU: 1500 bytes (Ethernet)
• UDP header overhead: 8 bytes
• IP header overhead: 20 bytes (IPv4), 40 bytes (IPv6)
• Safe payload size: 1472 bytes (IPv4), 1452 bytes (IPv6)
• Larger packets: Use SendFragmentedUdpPacket() for automatic fragmentation

Optimization Tips

1. Reuse sockets: Create once, use many times
2. Batch operations: Send multiple packets before context switch
3. Appropriate buffer sizes: Match expected packet sizes
4. Interface binding: Reduce routing overhead in multi-homed systems
5. Port reuse: Close sockets when no longer needed

IPv4 vs IPv6

The API automatically handles both IPv4 and IPv6 based on IPADDR type:

#ifdef IPV6
// Dual-stack - works with both IPv4 and IPv6
IPADDR destIP = AsciiToIp("2001:db8::1");     // IPv6
// or
IPADDR destIP = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.100");   // IPv4-mapped
 
int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(destIP, 8080, 0);
#else
// IPv4 only
IPADDR4 destIP = AsciiToIp4("192.168.1.100");
int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(destIP, 8080, 0);
#endif

Multi-Homed Systems

For devices with multiple network interfaces:

Interface Number (Preferred)

// Send via interface 1 (second Ethernet, Wi-Fi, etc.)
int sock = CreateTxUdpSocketVia(destIP, 8080, 0, 1);
sendtovia(sock, data, len, destIP, 8080, 1);

Interface IP Address (Alternative)

// Send via specific interface IP
IPADDR myInterfaceIP = GetInterfaceIP(1);
int sock = CreateTxUdpSocketVia(destIP, 8080, 0, myInterfaceIP);

Comparison with UDPPacket Class

Feature	BSD Sockets	UDPPacket Class
API Style	Familiar C functions	C++ object-oriented
Memory Management	Manual	Automatic (RAII)
Buffer Access	Copy-based	Zero-copy available
Multi-destination	Multiple sends	SendAndKeep() support
Integration	select()/poll()	OS_FIFO queues
Portability	Standard POSIX	NetBurner-specific
Best For	Porting code, C code	New C++ projects

When to Use BSD Sockets:

• Porting existing socket-based code
• Writing in C (not C++)
• Need select()/poll() integration
• Familiar with Berkeley sockets
• Simple send/receive patterns

When to Use UDPPacket:

• New C++ development
• Need automatic memory management
• Direct buffer manipulation
• Multiple destination sends
• OS_FIFO-based architectures

Advanced Features

Large Packet Transmission (Fragmentation)

For packets exceeding MTU, use SendFragmentedUdpPacket():

uint8_t largeData[5000];
// ... fill largeData ...
 
int result = SendFragmentedUdpPacket(
    destIP,
    0,      // source port (0 = auto-assign)
    8080,   // destination port
    largeData,
    sizeof(largeData)
);
 
if (result == sizeof(largeData)) {
    printf("Successfully sent %d bytes\r\n", result);
} else {
    printf("Send failed or partial: %d/%d bytes\r\n", 
            result, sizeof(largeData));
}

Note: Fragmentation should be avoided when possible due to:

• Increased packet loss risk (one fragment lost = entire packet lost)
• Additional processing overhead
• Potential firewall/router issues
• Better to design protocol with smaller messages when feasible

Socket Lifecycle Management

// Create socket
int sock = CreateRxTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 8080, 0);
if (sock < 0) {
    // Handle error
    return;
}
 
// Use socket for communication
// ...
 
// Close socket when done
close(sock);
 
// Socket descriptor is now invalid

Common Pitfalls

[NO] Not checking return values

int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(5000);
recvfrom(sock, buf, len, &ip, &lp, &rp);  // BUG: sock might be negative!

[YES] Always validate

int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(5000);
if (sock < 0) {
    printf("Socket creation failed: %d\r\n", sock);
    return;
}
recvfrom(sock, buf, len, &ip, &lp, &rp);

[NO] Buffer overflow

uint8_t buf[100];
recvfrom(sock, buf, 1000, &ip, &lp, &rp);  // BUG: Buffer too small!

[YES] Match buffer size

uint8_t buf[1500];
int n = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &ip, &lp, &rp);
if (n > 0 && n < sizeof(buf)) {
    // Process n bytes safely
}

[NO] Ignoring recvfrom() return value

uint8_t buf[512];
recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &ip, &lp, &rp);
printf("%s", buf);  // BUG: Might print garbage or crash!

[YES] Check bytes received

uint8_t buf[512];
int n = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &ip, &lp, &rp);
if (n > 0) {
    buf[n] = '\0';  // Safe null-termination
    printf("%s", buf);
}

[NO] Port conflicts

int sock1 = CreateRxUdpSocket(8080);
int sock2 = CreateRxUdpSocket(8080);  // BUG: Port already in use!

[YES] Unique ports or reuse pattern

int sock1 = CreateRxUdpSocket(8080);
// ... use sock1 ...
close(sock1);
 
// Now safe to reuse port
int sock2 = CreateRxUdpSocket(8080);

Debugging Tips

1. Enable diagnostics: Call EnableSystemDiagnostics() in UserMain()
2. Check socket descriptor: Valid sockets are >= 0
3. Verify network connectivity: Ensure interface is up and configured
4. Monitor packet capture: Use Wireshark to inspect actual traffic
5. Test with known tools: Use netcat (nc) for quick testing: ```bash

Send UDP packet from command line

echo "test" | nc -u 192.168.1.100 8080

Listen for UDP packets

nc -ul 8080 ```

1. Check firewall rules: Ensure UDP traffic is not blocked
2. Validate addresses: Use AsciiIP() to print addresses for debugging

Related Topics

• UDPPacket Class - Object-oriented UDP interface
• TCP Sockets - For reliable, connection-oriented communication
• IP Addressing - IPADDR types and conversion functions
• File descriptor operations: select(), close()

Function Documentation

CreateRxTxUdpSocket()

int CreateRxTxUdpSocket ( const IPADDR & send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Create bidirectional UDP socket for both sending and receiving.

Creates a UDP socket that can both send packets to a specified destination and receive packets on a local port. This combines the functionality of CreateTxUdpSocket() and CreateRxUdpSocket() into a single socket, ideal for request/response patterns and client-server communication.

Socket Characteristics:

• Can send to pre-configured destination
• Can receive on bound local port
• Single socket for bidirectional communication
• Efficient for request/response protocols

Common Use Cases:

• Client applications expecting replies (DNS queries, SNMP, RPC)
• Request/response protocols
• Duplex communication patterns
• Protocols requiring both send and receive on same endpoint

Parameters

send_to_addr	Destination IP address for sending packets Use AsciiToIp() or AsciiToIp4() to convert from string
send_to_remote_port	Destination port number for sending (1-65535)
local_port	Local port to bind for receiving (0-65535) 0: Auto-assign ephemeral port (common for clients) 1-65535: Specific port (required if server must reply to known port)

Returns

Socket file descriptor (>= 0) on success, negative error code on failure:

• UDP_ERR_NOSUCH_SOCKET (-1): Socket creation failed
• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_WRITE (-2): Socket not writable
• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_READ (-3): Socket not readable

Note

Port Selection: Use 0 for local_port if server response port doesn't matter. Use specific port only when protocol requires clients to listen on fixed ports.

Response Handling: Responses will arrive on the local_port. Use recvfrom() to receive them. The remote source may be different from send_to_addr.

Warning

Thread Safety: Socket should be used by single task. Do not call sendto() and recvfrom() concurrently from multiple tasks on same socket.

---

Expand for Example Usage

Examples

Example 1: DNS Query (Request/Response Pattern)

#include <udp.h>
 
bool DnsQuery(const char* hostname, IPADDR* result) {
    IPADDR dnsServer = AsciiToIp("8.8.8.8");
    
    // Create bidirectional socket for DNS query and response
    int sock = CreateRxTxUdpSocket(dnsServer, 53, 0);
    if (sock < 0) return false;
    
    // Build DNS query packet
    uint8_t query[512];
    int queryLen = BuildDnsQuery(query, hostname);
    
    // Send query
    sendto(sock, query, queryLen, dnsServer, 53);
    
    // Wait for response with timeout
    fd_set readfds;
    struct timeval tv = {5, 0};  // 5 second timeout
    FD_ZERO(&readfds);
    FD_SET(sock, &readfds);
    
    if (select(sock + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv) > 0) {
        uint8_t response[512];
        IPADDR srcIP;
        uint16_t lp, rp;
        int n = recvfrom(sock, response, sizeof(response),
                        &srcIP, &lp, &rp);
        
        if (n > 0) {
            *result = ParseDnsResponse(response, n);
            close(sock);
            return true;
        }
    }
    
    close(sock);
    return false;  // Timeout or error
}

Example 2: Echo Client with Response

void EchoClientTest() {
    IPADDR serverIP = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.100");
    
    // Create bidirectional socket
    int sock = CreateRxTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 5000, 0);
    if (sock < 0) {
        printf("Socket creation failed\r\n");
        return;
    }
    
    // Send message
    const char* msg = "Hello, Server!";
    sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)msg, strlen(msg), serverIP, 5000);
    printf("Sent: %s\r\n", msg);
    
    // Wait for echo response
    uint8_t buf[256];
    IPADDR respIP;
    uint16_t lp, rp;
    
    int n = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &respIP, &lp, &rp);
    if (n > 0) {
        buf[n] = '\0';
        printf("Received echo: %s\r\n", buf);
    }
    
    close(sock);
}

Example 3: Persistent Connection Pattern

void RequestResponseLoop() {
    IPADDR serverIP = AsciiToIp("10.0.0.50");
    
    // Create persistent bidirectional socket
    int sock = CreateRxTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 6000, 0);
    if (sock < 0) return;
    
    uint8_t request[64];
    uint8_t response[256];
    IPADDR respIP;
    uint16_t lp, rp;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        // Send request
        int reqLen = sprintf((char*)request, "REQ:%d", i);
        sendto(sock, request, reqLen, serverIP, 6000);
        
        // Wait for response
        int n = recvfrom(sock, response, sizeof(response),
                        &respIP, &lp, &rp);
        
        if (n > 0) {
            response[n] = '\0';
            printf("Response %d: %s\r\n", i, response);
        }
        
        OSTimeDly(TICKS_PER_SECOND);
    }
    
    close(sock);
}

---

See also

CreateTxUdpSocket() - For send-only sockets (one-way communication)

CreateRxUdpSocket() - For receive-only sockets (servers)

CreateRxTxUdpSocketVia() - For multi-interface routing

sendto() - Send data through socket

recvfrom() - Receive data from socket

select() - Wait for socket to be ready with timeout

close() - Close socket when finished

CreateRxTxUdpSocket4Via() [1/2]

int CreateRxTxUdpSocket4Via ( const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR4 interfaceIp )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

CreateRxTxUdpSocket4Via() [2/2]

int CreateRxTxUdpSocket4Via ( const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

CreateRxTxUdpSocket6Via() [1/2]

int CreateRxTxUdpSocket6Via ( const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR interfaceIp )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

CreateRxTxUdpSocket6Via() [2/2]

int CreateRxTxUdpSocket6Via ( const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t send_to_remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

CreateRxUdpSocket()

int CreateRxUdpSocket

(

uint16_t

listening_port

)

#include <udp.h>

Create receive-only UDP socket bound to specified port.

Creates a UDP socket configured only for receiving packets. The socket is bound to the specified local port and can receive UDP packets from any source. This is the standard function for creating UDP server/listener sockets.

Socket Characteristics:

• Bound to specified local port
• Receives from any source IP/port
• Cannot send packets (receive-only)
• Suitable for servers and broadcast receivers

Common Use Cases:

• UDP servers listening for client requests
• Broadcast/multicast receivers
• Service discovery listeners
• Logging/monitoring receivers

Parameters

listening_port

Local port number to bind (1-65535) Well-known ports (1-1023): Standard services (use with caution) Registered ports (1024-49151): Custom applications (recommended) Dynamic ports (49152-65535): Temporary/ephemeral use

Returns

Socket file descriptor (>= 0) on success, negative error code on failure:

• UDP_ERR_NOSUCH_SOCKET (-1): Socket creation failed
• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_READ (-3): Internal error - socket not readable

Note

Port Availability: The port must not already be in use by another socket. Use UnregisterUDPFifo() or close() existing sockets before reusing ports.

Thread Safety: The returned socket should only be used by a single task. For multi-task reception, create separate sockets on different ports or use the UDPPacket class with OS_FIFO for thread-safe queue-based reception.

Warning

Error Checking Required: Always check return value before using socket. Attempting to use a negative file descriptor will cause undefined behavior.

---

Expand for Example Usage

Examples

Example 1: Simple UDP Server

#include <udp.h>
#include <init.h>
 
void UdpServerTask(void* pd) {
    // Create receive-only socket on port 8080
    int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(8080);
    if (sock < 0) {
        printf("Failed to create socket: error %d\r\n", sock);
        return;
    }
    
    printf("UDP server listening on port 8080\r\n");
    
    uint8_t buffer[1024];
    IPADDR clientIP;
    uint16_t localPort, remotePort;
    
    while (1) {
        // Wait for incoming packet
        int n = recvfrom(sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer),
                        &clientIP, &localPort, &remotePort);
        
        if (n > 0) {
            buffer[n] = '\0';  // Null-terminate for printing
            printf("Received %d bytes from %s:%d: %s\r\n",
                    n, AsciiIP(clientIP).c_str(), remotePort, buffer);
        }
    }
    
    // Clean up (typically never reached in server loop)
    close(sock);
}

Example 2: Echo Server

void UdpEchoServer() {
    int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(5000);
    if (sock < 0) return;
    
    uint8_t buf[512];
    IPADDR srcIP;
    uint16_t lp, rp;
    
    while (1) {
        int n = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &srcIP, &lp, &rp);
        if (n > 0) {
            // Note: Cannot echo back using this socket - it's receive-only!
            // Need CreateRxTxUdpSocket() for bidirectional operation
            printf("Echo server received: %d bytes\r\n", n);
        }
    }
}

Example 3: Broadcast Receiver

void BroadcastListener() {
    int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(9999);
    if (sock < 0) {
        printf("Cannot create broadcast listener\r\n");
        return;
    }
    
    printf("Listening for broadcast packets on port 9999\r\n");
    
    uint8_t buf[256];
    IPADDR senderIP;
    uint16_t lp, rp;
    
    while (1) {
        int n = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &senderIP, &lp, &rp);
        if (n > 0) {
            buf[n] = '\0';
            printf("Broadcast from %s: %s\r\n",
                    AsciiIP(senderIP).c_str(), buf);
        }
    }
}

---

See also

CreateRxTxUdpSocket() - For bidirectional sockets (receive and send)

CreateTxUdpSocket() - For transmit-only sockets

CreateRxUdpSocketVia() - For multi-interface systems

recvfrom() - Receive data from socket

RegisterUDPFifo() - Alternative using UDPPacket class with OS_FIFO

close() - Close socket when finished

CreateTxUdpSocket()

int CreateTxUdpSocket ( const IPADDR & send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Create transmit-only UDP socket for sending to specified destination.

Creates a UDP socket configured only for sending packets to a specific remote address and port. The socket can optionally be bound to a specific local port, or use 0 to auto-assign an ephemeral port (recommended for most clients).

Socket Characteristics:

• Send-only (cannot receive packets)
• Pre-configured with destination address and port
• Optional local port binding (0=auto-assign)
• Suitable for client applications and sensors

Common Use Cases:

• UDP clients sending requests to servers
• Sensor data transmission
• Logging to remote syslog servers
• Periodic status updates to monitoring systems

Parameters

send_to_addr	Destination IP address (IPv4 or IPv6 depending on build config) Use AsciiToIp() or AsciiToIp4() to convert from string
remote_port	Destination port number (1-65535) Must match the listening port on remote system
local_port	Local port to bind (0-65535) 0: Auto-assign ephemeral port (RECOMMENDED for clients) 1-65535: Specific port (use only if required by protocol)

Returns

Socket file descriptor (>= 0) on success, negative error code on failure:

• UDP_ERR_NOSUCH_SOCKET (-1): Socket creation failed
• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_WRITE (-2): Internal error - socket not writable

Note

Local Port Recommendation: Use 0 for automatic port assignment unless your protocol specifically requires a fixed source port. Auto-assignment prevents port conflicts and is standard practice for UDP clients.

Destination Changes: This socket is bound to the specified destination. To send to different destinations, use sendto() or create multiple sockets.

Warning

Send-Only: This socket cannot receive packets. For bidirectional communication (request/response patterns), use CreateRxTxUdpSocket().

---

Expand for Example Usage

Examples

Example 1: Simple UDP Client

#include <udp.h>
 
void SendMessage(const char* message) {
    IPADDR serverIP = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.100");
    
    // Create socket with auto-assigned local port (0)
    int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 8080, 0);
    if (sock < 0) {
        printf("Failed to create socket\r\n");
        return;
    }
    
    // Send message
    int sent = sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)message, strlen(message),
                     serverIP, 8080);
    
    if (sent > 0) {
        printf("Sent %d bytes\r\n", sent);
    }
    
    close(sock);
}

Example 2: Periodic Sensor Data Transmission

void SensorTransmitTask(void* pd) {
    IPADDR serverIP = AsciiToIp("10.0.1.50");
    
    // Create persistent socket (reuse for efficiency)
    int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 5000, 0);
    if (sock < 0) return;
    
    char msgBuf[64];
    
    while (1) {
        // Read sensor
        int temperature = ReadTemperatureSensor();
        int humidity = ReadHumiditySensor();
        
        // Format message
        int len = sprintf(msgBuf, "TEMP:%d,HUM:%d",
                          temperature, humidity);
        
        // Send to server
        sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)msgBuf, len, serverIP, 5000);
        
        // Wait before next transmission
        OSTimeDly(TICKS_PER_SECOND * 10);  // Every 10 seconds
    }
}

Example 3: Syslog Client

void SendSyslogMessage(const char* msg, int severity) {
    IPADDR syslogServer = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.10");
    int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(syslogServer, 514, 0);  // Syslog port
    
    if (sock >= 0) {
        char syslogMsg[512];
        int len = sprintf(syslogMsg, "<%d>%s", severity, msg);
        sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)syslogMsg, len, syslogServer, 514);
        close(sock);
    }
}

Example 4: Multiple Destinations (Create Multiple Sockets)

void SendToMultipleServers() {
    IPADDR server1 = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.10");
    IPADDR server2 = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.20");
    
    int sock1 = CreateTxUdpSocket(server1, 8080, 0);
    int sock2 = CreateTxUdpSocket(server2, 8080, 0);
    
    uint8_t data[] = "Status update";
    
    if (sock1 >= 0) {
        sendto(sock1, data, sizeof(data), server1, 8080);
        close(sock1);
    }
    
    if (sock2 >= 0) {
        sendto(sock2, data, sizeof(data), server2, 8080);
        close(sock2);
    }
}

---

See also

CreateRxTxUdpSocket() - For bidirectional communication (send and receive)

CreateRxUdpSocket() - For receive-only sockets (servers)

CreateTxUdpSocketVia() - For multi-interface routing

sendto() - Send data through socket

close() - Close socket when finished

CreateTxUdpSocket4Via() [1/2]

int CreateTxUdpSocket4Via ( const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR4 interfaceIp )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

CreateTxUdpSocket4Via() [2/2]

int CreateTxUdpSocket4Via ( const IPADDR4 send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

CreateTxUdpSocket6Via() [1/2]

int CreateTxUdpSocket6Via ( const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, const IPADDR interfaceIp )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

CreateTxUdpSocket6Via() [2/2]

int CreateTxUdpSocket6Via ( const IPADDR send_to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, uint16_t local_port, int interfacenum )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated

recvfrom()

int recvfrom ( int sock, puint8_t buffer, int len, IPADDR * pAddr, uint16_t * pLocal_port, uint16_t * pRemote_port )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Receive UDP packet from socket with sender information.

Receives a UDP datagram from the specified socket and returns the sender's IP address and port. This is the standard BSD socket function for receiving UDP data. Works with sockets created by CreateRxUdpSocket() or CreateRxTxUdpSocket(). Blocks until data arrives.

Parameters

sock	Socket file descriptor from CreateRxUdpSocket() or CreateRxTxUdpSocket()
buffer	Destination buffer for received data
len	Maximum bytes to read (buffer size, recommend 1500+ bytes)
pAddr	[OUT] Sender's IP address (can be NULL)
pLocal_port	[OUT] Local port packet arrived on (can be NULL)
pRemote_port	[OUT] Sender's port number (can be NULL)

Returns

Bytes received (0 to len), or negative error code:

• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_READ (-3): Socket not configured for receiving
• UDP_ERR_NOSUCH_SOCKET (-1): Invalid socket

Note

Blocking: Waits indefinitely for data. Use select() for timeout.

Datagram Boundaries: Each call returns one complete datagram.

Truncation: If datagram > buffer, excess data is discarded.

Warning

Buffer Size: Ensure buffer has at least len bytes.

Example: Echo Server

int sock = CreateRxUdpSocket(5000);
uint8_t buf[1500];
IPADDR clientIP;
uint16_t lp, rp;
 
while (1) {
    int n = recvfrom(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), &clientIP, &lp, &rp);
    if (n > 0) {
        printf("Received %d bytes from %s:%d\r\n",
                n, AsciiIP(clientIP).c_str(), rp);
        sendto(sock, buf, n, clientIP, rp);  // Echo back
    }
}

See also

CreateRxUdpSocket(), CreateRxTxUdpSocket(), sendto(), select()

SendFragmentedUdpPacket()

int SendFragmentedUdpPacket ( const IPADDR & to, uint16_t source_port, uint16_t dest_port, puint8_t data, int length )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Send large UDP packet (>MTU) with IP fragmentation.

Sends a UDP packet that exceeds the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) by automatically fragmenting it at the IP layer. The function handles both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and reassembly is handled by the receiving host.

This is useful for sending large datagrams without implementing application-level fragmentation. However, note that IP fragmentation can reduce reliability since loss of any fragment requires retransmission of the entire datagram.

Parameters

to	Destination IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)
source_port	Source UDP port number. Use 0 for automatic port assignment (recommended)
dest_port	Destination UDP port number
data	Pointer to data buffer to send
length	Length of data in bytes (can exceed MTU)

Returns

Number of bytes sent on success, 0 on failure

Note

IP fragmentation may be blocked by some firewalls and routers

For maximum reliability, consider keeping packets under MTU size (typically 1500 bytes for Ethernet)

This function wraps SendFragmentedUdpPacket6() which handles both IPv4 and IPv6

Warning

Fragmented packets are more susceptible to loss and can impact performance

Example:

IPADDR destination = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.100");
uint8_t largeData[8000]; // Larger than typical MTU
// ... fill largeData ...
 
int result = SendFragmentedUdpPacket(destination, 0, 5000, largeData, sizeof(largeData));
if (result > 0) {
    printf("Sent %d bytes\n", result);
} else {
    printf("Send failed\n");
}

See also

SendFragmentedUdpPacket6()

SendUdpPacket() for non-fragmented sending

sendto()

int sendto ( int sock, puint8_t what_to_send, int len_to_send, const IPADDR & to_addr, uint16_t remote_port )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Send UDP packet through socket to specified destination.

Transmits a UDP datagram through the specified socket to the given IP address and port. This is the standard BSD socket function for sending UDP data. Works with sockets created by CreateTxUdpSocket() or CreateRxTxUdpSocket().

Operation:

• Sends datagram immediately (non-blocking)
• No connection establishment required
• No delivery guarantee (UDP is unreliable)
• Each call creates a new independent datagram

Parameters

sock	Socket file descriptor from CreateTxUdpSocket() or CreateRxTxUdpSocket() Must be a valid socket (>= 0) or behavior is undefined
what_to_send	Pointer to data buffer to transmit Buffer content is copied during transmission
len_to_send	Number of bytes to send from buffer Maximum practical size: 1472 bytes (IPv4) or 1452 bytes (IPv6) Larger sizes may cause IP fragmentation (avoid if possible) Use SendFragmentedUdpPacket() for data > MTU
to_addr	Destination IP address (IPv4 or IPv6 based on build configuration) Use AsciiToIp() or AsciiToIp4() to convert from string format
remote_port	Destination port number (1-65535) Must match listening port on remote system

Returns

Number of bytes successfully queued for transmission (should equal len_to_send), or negative error code on failure:

• UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_WRITE (-2): Socket not configured for sending
• UDP_ERR_NOSUCH_SOCKET (-1): Invalid socket descriptor
• Other negative values: System-specific errors

Note

Non-Blocking: This function returns immediately after queuing data. The datagram may not have been physically transmitted yet.

No Delivery Confirmation: UDP provides no acknowledgment. Successfully sending does NOT mean the remote host received the packet. For reliable delivery, implement application-level acknowledgments or use TCP.

Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU): Ethernet MTU is typically 1500 bytes. After UDP (8 bytes) and IP headers (20-40 bytes), safe payload is ~1472 bytes. Exceeding this causes fragmentation, increasing packet loss risk.

Warning

Buffer Validity: Ensure what_to_send buffer remains valid and contains at least len_to_send bytes. Buffer overruns cause undefined behavior.

Socket Type: Using sendto() on receive-only socket (CreateRxUdpSocket()) will fail with UDP_ERR_NOTOPEN_TO_WRITE.

---

Expand for Example Usage

Examples

Example 1: Simple Send

IPADDR serverIP = AsciiToIp("192.168.1.100");
int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(serverIP, 8080, 0);
 
if (sock >= 0) {
    const char* msg = "Hello, Server!";
    int sent = sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)msg, strlen(msg), serverIP, 8080);
    
    if (sent == strlen(msg)) {
        printf("Successfully sent %d bytes\r\n", sent);
    } else if (sent < 0) {
        printf("Send failed: error %d\r\n", sent);
    }
    close(sock);
}

Example 2: Send Binary Data

struct SensorData {
    uint32_t timestamp;
    int16_t temperature;
    int16_t humidity;
} data;
 
data.timestamp = Secs;
data.temperature = ReadTemperature();
data.humidity = ReadHumidity();
 
IPADDR collector = AsciiToIp("10.0.1.50");
int sock = CreateTxUdpSocket(collector, 5000, 0);
 
if (sock >= 0) {
    int result = sendto(sock, (uint8_t*)&data, sizeof(data),
                       collector, 5000);
    if (result != sizeof(data)) {
        printf("Warning: Send incomplete\r\n");
    }
    close(sock);
}

---

See also

CreateTxUdpSocket() - Create transmit socket

CreateRxTxUdpSocket() - Create bidirectional socket

sendtovia() - Send via specific network interface

recvfrom() - Receive UDP packets

SendFragmentedUdpPacket() - For sending large datagrams

sendto6via()

int sendto6via ( int sock, puint8_t what_to_send, int len_to_send, const IPADDR & to_addr, uint16_t remote_port, int intfnum )

inline

#include <udp.h>

Deprecated